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How Do Magnet Planar Headphones Work?

It may be difficult for you to understand how planar magnetic drivers work if you have never used a pair. Planar magnetic drivers use two flat magnets that sandwich a thin diaphragm with conductors. This is different from the voicecoil actuator, which is a cone that is pushed back and back and forth.

The Diaphragm

Contrary to a traditional headphone driver that has dome or cone shaped diaphragm, a magnet planar has a flat piece of flexible film. The film is dotted with conductors on it that interact with magnets that are placed on either side of the diaphragm. When the electrical signal passing through these wires changes the magnetic field generated by the magnets causes the diaphragm to react and move. The movement produces sound waves that you then hear.

The diaphragm in the human body is a dome-shaped muscular membrane that divides the thoracic (chest), and abdominal cavities. It is the main respiratory muscle and is responsible for inhalation actions, like breathing coughing and sneezing and crying, laughing as well as vomiting and parturition. The diaphragm is also essential for expulsive actions, including urinating and defecating and pushing the fetus out during the birth.

Due to the ultra-light and thin design of the diaphragm of a planar magnetic it is a lot more responsive to changes in the audio signal than dynamic drivers. Planar magnetic headphones have a more delicate and precise sound than dynamic drivers.

One of the downsides of planar magnetic headphones is that, at higher volumes, they tend to leak more than their dynamic counterparts. This is due to the motion of the diaphragm inside a magnet planar headphone causes a portion of the audio to be pushed further outwards and then towards the listener.

This isn't a problem if you only listen to music in quiet environments or when watching movies however, it can be a hassle for listening in public and usage. Thankfully, cheapest there are some very good options available to reduce the amount of leakage like the Audeze LCD-4 or HiFiMAN Sundara. Additionally, certain brands like Wisdom Audio are at the forefront of the development of PMD technology and have been working hard to address the issues associated with this style of headphone. They have invented numerous innovations that you can see on their products. For example, their new flex circuit-based planar winding overcomes the limitations of stamped copper windings and gives an improved utilization rate.

The Conductors

Conductors connect the magnets to the diaphragm and are responsible for producing the sound you hear. These are usually made from a mixture of aluminum and copper. The diaphragm is then wrapped around the magnetic core. It is then supported by the headphone's frame. The magnetic core is a cylindrical shape magnetic element that can be made from any material, however it is usually made with Neodymium. The core is the central element of any planar sound driver. It consists of nested layers with a circular helix of 10-20mm in diameter.

A key advantage of planar magnetic drivers is that they create an incredibly wide soundstage compared to their dynamic counterparts. This is due to the fact that when audio signals arrive at a certain frequency, the entire diaphragm is vibrating instead of just the small area that is attached to the voice coil. The larger surface area results in lower distortion levels especially when the volume is higher.

Another significant feature of a magnet planar is its ability to respond quickly to the changes in the audio signal. This makes it easier to reproduce a wide range of frequencies and creates a more detailed and realistic sound. Audiophiles who love music with various instruments and vocals will appreciate this feature.

Additionally, the stacked design of a planar magnetic decreases part-to-part variation and is perfect for mission-critical applications that require high reliability. They are more consistent and have lower magnetic field distortion in comparison to wirewound magnets. This is essential to the success of electronic devices.

The Magnets

A magnet is a substance that has magnetic properties. It can draw attention or repel force on certain substances, like nickel and iron. It can also draw or repel certain electrical conductors. This phenomenon is referred to as magnetism. It is produced by permanent, electromagnets or temporary magnets. Magnets can be used in a myriad of applications and are used in many different types of devices, including electronic devices such as headphones, laptop computers, mobile phones and car audio systems.

Planar magnetic driver technology, in contrast to traditional dynamic drivers or Cheapest balanced armatures, which push a stiff, rigid diaphragm with the voice coil to produce the sound wavefront, employs a thin and flexible diaphragm. The diaphragm is vibrating and creates a flat wavefront rather than a focused spherical one, as is common in all headphones and speakers. This results in a more clear and more spacious soundstage, and is known for rich bass.

The primary drawback of planar magnetic drivers is that they need quite a bit of power to move the large magnets inside them, which makes them bulkier and heavier than other kinds of headphone drivers. Many planar magnetic drivers require a power amplifier to work correctly.

The amplifier must be designed so that it matches the power output of a planar magnetic driver in order to give the best planar headphones listening experience. Additionally, the amplifier must have a high enough input impedance to be able to drive the planar magnetic driver at its highest output frequency.

The planar magnetic driver is typically designed to be either dipole (radiating equally and in opposite phase in front of and behind the speaker, like ESLs) or a monopole (radiating only in the direction of the forward and more like traditional headphones). The most commonly used design of a planar magnetic driver is a bipole with alternating poles on the north and south. Its shape makes it simple to fabricate as one piece of metal and is very effective in creating a strong field at the center of the faceplate.

Planar magnetic drivers are more efficient and have a smaller distortion due to their size. They are used in high-end headphone systems where sonic accuracy matters. You can also find them in professional audio equipment like speakers and microphones. They are also suitable for medical imaging, and other sensitive applications requiring high-quality precision.

The Seal

To perform well for optimal performance, planar drivers need to be sealed very tightly and precisely. A small leakage can be a major impact on the quality of sound and could cause distortion. It takes a lot of effort to make the perfect seal for a planar driver.

In contrast to the majority of conventional headphone designs that are used, planar magnetic headphones should not have any gaps in the enclosure for acoustics. This is because gaps will cause the diaphragm's resonance to be influenced by different frequencies at the same time. This is referred to as crosstalk, and it can cause the sound quality to suffer significantly.

The most commonly used seal used for planar magnetic headphones is the rubber ring seal. This type of seal prevents air leaks with great efficiency. It is also very robust and cheapest lasts for an extended period of time. However it is essential to be aware that this kind of seal may sometimes produce a hollow sound. It is therefore crucial to select a premium rubber seal if you are contemplating using the planar magnetic headphone.

Another alternative for a planar magnetic driver is the liquid crystal display (LCD) seal. It is a specialized seal that is designed to stop gaps from forming. It's also designed to withstand a large amount of pressure. It is a great choice for audiophiles seeking top-quality sound quality.

One advantage of LCD headphones is that they can provide the most clear and precise sound. This is especially the case with high-end models such as the Audeze LCD-4 and HiFiMAN Susvara. However, it is also possible to find low-cost LCD headphones that provide similar high-quality sound.

It is important to know that planar magnetic headphones can create a greater sound pressure than dynamic headphones. This is due to the way they are constructed. Planar magnetic headphones are different from dynamic headphones since they contain two magnets that pull against the diaphragm. This creates a powerful force that can produce very high frequencies.

Planar magnetic drivers are relatively new technology in the world of headphone production. However, they have already begun to change the way people listen to music. In addition to their high-quality sound these headphones are very comfortable to wear and easy to adjust.