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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the coffee we love. How exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the key difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

The name implies, the group head is the place you insert your portafilter when making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and Machines espresso machines controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are several different types of group head each with its distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion features, and others are designed to control the lever. Some are a combination, such as the E61. This is a preferred choice for baristas as it provides a variety of advantages in one package.

As you can see in the photo above, the group head has many notches in which you can place your portafilter and twist it by hand to lock it in. A gasket made of rubber is positioned inside the notches, which helps create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for precise placement of your portafilter. This is crucial to ensure an accurate extraction.

The group head not only lets the portafilter to be inserted easily however, it also keeps a constant temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is at the right level for extraction. It is crucial to keep in mind that even a tiny deviation can make the difference between a good and great espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to piston machines that are manually operated, which rely on a lever that pressurize water, rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required to extract espresso. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive and last longer than piston-driven machines Espresso machines. However, both kinds of machines may degrade because of frequent use and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can increase the cost of even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines eliminate the pump entirely and utilize steam pressure to make espresso. The downside is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water until it reaches boiling, which can lead to excessive extraction. They also have to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

Many espresso machines make use of either a vibration or rotary pump. A vibration model makes use of the vibrating disk to create pressure, while the rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a high speed. Both machines can make excellent espresso however rotary machines tend to be more stable, quieter and less likely to fail.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that makes the water warm to the perfect temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter which holds the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped down into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure and pushes through the coffee grounds. This results in a whipped-up the top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three distinct types of espresso machines, each having distinct pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are also different ways in which the brew could be controlled as well as the dimensions of the cup the machine can produce.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. They had a single boiler to make both steam and brew however the pressure they were able to create was minimal - two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is why the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most common espresso maker is a semi-automatic one that has an electric pump. This is what people envision when they think of an espresso maker. With a semi-automatic machine, you must grind the beans and tamp them yourself but the pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use filters to separate the grounds of the coffee as they go through the hot water. The filter is also a crucial element of the temperature control system since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

A filter also improves flavor, as it permits an extended flowering time. This allows the beans to release their flavors, and allows for better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a high-quality filter can produce a bad cup of coffee, because the quality of the beans and extraction is vital.

It's here that the magic happens. This is the reason why espresso tastes so good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, which is the thingy that you use to put the grounds of your coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then moves hot water through the grounds of coffee at high pressure. These kinds of machines are generally less expensive and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to provide the ideal brewing conditions, because they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. However, the perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, machines espresso machines compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to push hot water into the grounds and are significantly more portable than electric steam-driven machines.