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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different types of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and processing techniques employed to make it.

The word "Coffee Beans For Sale" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became stimulated after eating these berries, and the cultivation of gourmet coffee beans quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending gives control over the taste, aroma and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is generally used to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after kind of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, and can grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's possible there is also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and preserve quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to choose a high-quality bean from a supplier you are confident with. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football that makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal to grow at home. You can purchase seeds on the internet from several sources, but it is preferred to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils, with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and grow on large coffee plants that can reach 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also less heavy on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinct richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're often used in blends to give extra body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are renowned for having a a sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and at high altitudes. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

After having learned about the four most common types you can now pick your favorite drink. If you want a smooth mild flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.