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How to Replace Window Panes

A damaged window pane can be an issue. It could also be an opportunity to upgrade your glass to energy efficient or insulated windows, and enjoy benefits such as more comfort, higher potential for resales, and less bills.

You can do it yourself for a fraction of what it would cost to hire an expert. It requires the right tools and only an hour or two of your time.

Glass

Replace your old single-paned windows with tempered insulation glass to improve the efficiency of your energy, reduce noise, and preserve the historic integrity of your older home. The majority of homeowners with basic hand tools can repair a window pane. You'll also require a replacement window pane, glazier's suggestions, pliers, and latex glazing putty. If you need to you may use a heatgun to warm the old putty. Before starting, wear gloves and safety goggles as working with broken glass could cause injuries.

Begin by removing any remaining broken pieces of glass. It is recommended to use pliers however a flathead could work as well. Use a wood chisel, or putty knives to remove any old putty that remains around the frame and the window sash. Be careful and slow and be careful not to damage the old window sash. This can be done best on a ladder, not on the ground. Also, you should have someone below the sash ensure it is held steady.

Make sure the window frame is ready to accommodate the new pane after you have removed the old glue. Measure the width and height of the opening for the sash by subtracting 1/8 inch from each measurement (to allow for seasonal expansion and contraction). These measurements can be taken to an hardware or home centers store to get a piece cut of stock glass to the right size. Alternately, you can cut the glass yourself if have the tools you need.

After installing the new glass After installing the glass, apply some caulking to the edge. This will make the glass weatherproof. Then, place a glazier's tip on the frame's opposite side to hold the pane in place. The points shouldn't be tight enough to cause friction between the frame and sash, but they should also not be loose.

Before applying the putty to the surface, gently knead it until it becomes soft and free of lumps. Then, roll it into pencil-size strips. Place the first strip to the corner of the frame, working from one corner to another to ensure it is smooth and even.

Glazier's Points

The glazier's points are the tiny triangular pieces of steel which help to secure glass replacement on windows into a window frame without damaging or scratching the delicate surface. Understanding how to use these hidden tiny helpers is simple and can save you money on professional installation or the cost of new glass.

Once the old putty and the glazier's points have been removed Clean the frame thoroughly with a knife to remove any remaining residue. Lightly sand the wood in the rabbet grooves if needed to smooth out rough areas. If you do sand the wood, be sure to protect it with painter's tack to avoid accidental damage.

Measure the empty frame's dimensions and write down accurate measurements. Take these dimensions to an hardware store or home center and have the new pane cut slightly smaller than the frame's opening. This will ensure a tight fit and will allow room for expansion and contraction.

Place the new pane in the frame and press it down with your hands. Make use of the chisel's point or the edge of the putty blade to tap the glazier's points, as illustrated in Figure 11. The glazier's points should sit in line with the top edge of your pane, and the shoulders raised should be just below that lip.

Apply a thin layer of glazing compound over the edges of the glass that has been made and into the rabbet grooves to seal and protect them. Allow it to dry and cure completely.

After the glazing compound dries and the glazing compound is dry, you can install the new window sash. First, you need to coat the wood with a thick layer of linseed. This will prevent the newly-created putty drying out or cracking as it absorbs moisture. Apply this coat using a brush or the tip of your knife, and then use the chisel or the back end of the putty knife to gently press the new sash and glazier's point into the rabbet grooves. Repeat this process in intervals of 10 inches around the frame.

Putty

A baseball hit or a rock thrown by error, or a fallen tree can cause a broken or cracked window. Fortunately, windows can be repaired by simply putting a new piece of glass in its place. The glass is held in place using small clips made of metal called a glazier's point, and putty, often called glazing compound. Before installing a replacement windows pane, first remove the old one and clean up the area with the help of a rag, an abrasive scraper that is a pull type or an abrasive wood chisel. Wear protective glasses and gloves while doing this work. If the window is glued to the frame, you'll need use a heat gun to soften the adhesive prior to prying it free.

If you're planning to install the original sash in the future, take care to remove the molding pieces that hold the old pane in place. Then, sand the sash to ensure it's smooth and ready for new caulk. After the sash has been re-installed then, apply a new silicone caulk around the glass to ensure it doesn't swell or fade in time.

Remove the glazing points in the rabbets. These are the grooves in the sash where the glass is. If they're difficult to cut out, try placing the hand tool, such as a heat gun over them to soften them first. If you're using a heating gun, be careful not to damage the railings or sash by holding the tool too tightly.

Once the old glaze points and putty have been removed make a bed for the new pane. Roll a rope of glazing compound between your fingers and make it about 1/2 inch thick. Then, you can press it into the rabbets where the glass will be. It's important that the glass rests against the putty on both sides If you have to tap it, gently press the glass into the rabbet with your thumb.

If the new pane is cracked, you can use a silicone caulk or a glass glue based on solvents to fill in the crack before pressing it into the sash. Otherwise, you'll need to putty over the crack to create an airtight seal and keep water out. After the putty has dried clean the oily film off the glass and allow it to dry completely before painting. Paint after the putty is completely dry. It won't create a solid seal and may be leaking or discoloring over time.

Paint

You may be concerned about replacing a broken piece of glass. The truth is, replacing a single pane of glass doesn't have to be costly when you do it on your own. In fact, even a double-pane window can be replaced for less than the cost of an expert.

If you are working with large glass windows first, ensure that it is securely attached to the frame. This is relatively easy and quick with the appropriate tools and techniques.

Once you're ready to begin with the removal of the old window pane by removing the glazing points made of metal that are attached to it. These are tiny metal triangles that act as "nails" to hold the window in place. They are submerged beneath a bead or glazing glue that sets to form an unbreakable wedge that holds the wood frame securely in place and hides the sharp edges.

Once you have the old pane removed, clean up the surrounding frame and wood. Scrape off any old paint, and sand the rabbet grooves that the glazing points were placed. Sand them to bare wood surfaces, so that you can paint the frames with the same shade. After sanding, apply a layer of flax oil on the wood that is not sanded down to prolong its life.

Then, take measurements of the dimensions of the window's opening. You will need to take vertical and horizontal measurements of the entire opening, as well as the thickness of the old pane. Subtract 1/8 inch from each measurement to ensure that you get a precise size for the new pane. This will allow for seasonal changes in the glass. Take these measurements to your local hardware or home improvement store, and they will have the glass cut for you.

Now, it's time to bed the new window pane. To do this, place the pane inside the frame and move it around until a 1/16 inch of putty remains between the edge of the glass and the sash on all four sides. Use a putty knife to smear the putty evenly, making sure that there isn't an excessive amount of excess putty in the corners and along the edges. When the putty dries, it can be painted with the same color as the frame to prevent water and air from leaking into the frame and causing fogging.