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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't get better by taking antidepressants or psychotherapy new medications that work quickly may be able treat depression resistant to treatment.

SSRIs are the most well-known and well-known antidepressants. These antidepressants work by altering the way that the brain utilizes serotonin.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you change negative thoughts and behaviours like hopelessness. It's available through the NHS for 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

The FDA approved the new treatment for depression in March 2019 which is a nasal spray dubbed esketamine (brand name Spravato). It is made from the anesthetic ketamine, which has been shown to aid in the treatment of severe cases of depression. The nasal spray is used in conjunction with an oral antidepressant in cases of depression treatment medicine that hasn't responded to standard medications. In one study, 70% of people suffering from treatment resistant depression who were given this drug were able to respond well, which is a significantly greater response rate than using an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from traditional antidepressants. It increases levels of naturally occurring chemical in the brain, referred to as neurotransmitters, that relay messages between brain cells. The results don't come immediately. Patients usually feel better within a few days, but effects last longer than SSRIs and SNRIs.

Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of depression through strengthening connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed the breakdown of these connections which can be found during depression and stress. It also seems to promote the development of neurons which can reduce suicidal feelings and thoughts.

Another reason why esketamine is distinct from other antidepressants is that it is delivered through nasal sprays that allows it to get into the bloodstream much faster than pills or oral medication can. The drug has been proven by studies to decrease depression symptoms within a couple of hours. In certain instances, the effects can be instantaneous.

A recent study that followed patients for 16 weeks revealed that not all patients who started treatment with esketamine had reached the remission phase. This is disappointing, but not surprising, according to Dr. Amit A. Anand, a ketamine expert who was not part of the study.

Esketamine is available only in clinical trials or in private practice. It is not considered to be a first-line treatment for depression and is typically prescribed only when SSRIs or SNRIs have not worked for a person with shock treatment for depression-resistant depression. A patient's doctor can determine if their condition is not responding to treatment and determine if esketamine could be beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate neurons in the brain. It is noninvasive and does not require anesthesia or surgery. It has been shown to help people with depression who have not been able to respond to medication or psychotherapy. It is also used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and tinnitus.

TMS therapy for depression is usually given in a series 36 daily treatments spread over six weeks. The magnetic pulses feel like pinpricks that are placed on the scalp and can require some time to get used to. After an appointment, patients can return to work or go home. Each TMS session can last between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, depending on the pattern of stimulation.

Researchers believe that rTMS can alter the way that neurons communicate. This process is referred to as neuroplasticity and allows the brain to form new connections and change the way it operates.

TMS is FDA approved for treating depression in cases where other therapies such as medication and talk therapy have not worked. It has also been shown to aid those suffering from tinnitus, OCD and pain. Researchers are also investigating the possibility of using it to treat Parkinson's disease as well as anxiety.

While a variety of studies have found that TMS can improve depression however, not everyone who receives the treatment will experience a positive effect. It is crucial to have a thorough psychiatric and medical evaluation prior to beginning this kind of treatment. If you have an history of seizures or are taking certain medications, TMS might not be the best option for you.

A conversation with your doctor can be beneficial if struggling with post pregnancy depression treatment but not seeing any benefits from the treatment you are currently receiving. You may be a candidate to try TMS or other forms of neurostimulation but you need to try several antidepressants before insurance coverage can cover the cost. If you are interested in learning more about these life-changing treatments, contact us today for a consultation. Our specialists will guide you in determining if TMS treatment is the right one for you.

3. Deep brain stimulation

For people with treatment-resistant herbal depression treatments A non-invasive treatment that rewires the brain's circuits could be effective in just a week. Researchers have devised new strategies that deliver high-dose magnetic waves to the brain faster and on a schedule more manageable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT), which is now available at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences' Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic utilizes MRI imaging to guide electrodes which send magnetic pulses to targeted areas in the brain. In a study conducted recently, Mitra & Raichle found that in three quarters of patients with depression, the normal flow of neural activity was disrupted, shifting from the anterior cortex to the anterior isola. SNT returned that flow back to normal within a few days, coinciding perfectly with the end of their depression.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), an invasive procedure, can produce similar results in some patients. After several tests to determine the best location, neurosurgeons insert one or more wires, known as leads, in the brain. The leads are connected by a neurostimulator, which is implanted beneath the collarbone. It appears like the appearance of a pacemaker. The device supplies continuous electric current to the leads, which alters the brain's circuitry and decreases symptoms of depression.

Some psychotherapy treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and inter-personal therapy, can also help alleviate depression symptoms. Psychotherapy can be provided in one-on-one sessions with an expert in mental health, or in group settings. Some psychotherapists provide the option of telehealth.

Antidepressants are still the cornerstone of depression treatment. In recent years, however, there have been significant improvements in how quickly they can relieve symptoms of depression. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other therapies employ magnetic or electric stimulation to stimulate the brain, like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more involved procedures that require the supervision of a physician. In some cases they can trigger seizures or other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy, which involves sitting or working in front of a bright artificial light source, has been used for years to help with major depressive disorder and seasonal patterns (SAD). Research has shown that it can relieve symptoms like fatigue and sadness by regulating the circadian rhythms and boosting mood. It can also help people who suffer from depression that comes and goes.

Light therapy works by mimicking sunlight, which is a crucial element of the biological clock known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN is linked to mood, and light therapy can change the patterns of circadian rhythms that may contribute to depression. Light therapy can also lower melatonin and restore the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors are also using light therapy to treat a less severe kind of depression pharmacological treatment referred to as winter blues. It's similar to SAD but affects fewer people and only happens in the months when there is the least amount of daylight. They recommend sitting in the light therapy device each morning for 30 minutes while awake to reap the maximum benefits. Unlike antidepressants, which can take weeks to begin working and can cause adverse effects such as nausea or weight gain, light therapy can produce results in just a week. It is also safe for pregnant women as well as older adults.

Researchers warn against using light therapy under the supervision of a mental health professional or psychiatrist, because it can trigger manic episodes in people with bipolar disorders. Some people may feel tired during the first week, as light therapy can reset their sleep-wake pattern.

PCPs should be aware of the latest treatments that have been approved by the FDA. However they shouldn't be ignoring tried-and-true methods like antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Hellerstein told Healio that while the search for better and newer treatments is exciting, we should focus on the most proven treatments. He says that PCPs should focus on teaching their patients about the benefits of the latest treatments and help them stick to their treatment plans. That can include providing them with transportation to their doctor's appointment or setting reminders to take medications and attend therapy sessions.